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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u62e9\u300b\uff08Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and
Happiness\uff09[3]\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u8350\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981
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\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u91d1\u94b1\uff0c\u800c\u5229\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u4fbf\u4f1a\u62b5\u6d88\u8fd9\u4e00\u82b1\u8d39\u3002
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6b64\u7c7b\u82b1\u8d39\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u8d37\u6b3e\u591a\u5c11\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u8d37\u6b3e\u989d\u975e\u5e38
\u5c11\uff0c\u8d37\u65b9\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u6536\u96c6\u67d0\u4e9b\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8d37\u6b3e\u989d\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a
\u8d37\u6b3e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u8d39\u7528\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u8d39\u7528\u8981\u7531\u6536\u56de\u7684\u5229\u606f\u6765
\u62b5\u6d88\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4e58\u6570\u6548\u5e94\u201d\uff08Multiplier
Effect\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u5229\u7387\u4e0a\u6da8\u65f6\uff0c\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7406\u7531\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u4e0d\u507f\u8fd8\u8d37\u6b3e\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31
\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u4e3a\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8d37\u6b3e\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5229
\u7387\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0a\u6da8\uff0c\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5faa\u73af\u53cd\u590d\u3002\u8d37\u65b9
\u6240\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5229\u7387\u98de\u6da8\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5
\u662f\uff0c\u8d37\u65b9\u6216\u8bb8\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8d37\u6b3e\u7ed9\u7a77\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u989d\u592a\u5c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97
\u4e00\u8d37\u3002
\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u4fbf\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u3002\u8d37\u6b3e\u7ed9\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9650
\u5236\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a77\u4eba\u5927\u591a\u4f1a\u5411\u719f\u6089\u4ed6
\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u501f\u94b1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u90bb\u5c45\u3001\u8001\u677f\u3001\u751f\u610f\u4f19\u4f34\u6216\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u653e\u503a\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u662f
\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5408\u540c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e9b\u5947\u602a\uff0c
\u4f46\u7a77\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e00\u65e6\u8fdd\u7ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u4f24\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d37
\u65b9\u65e0\u987b\u82b1\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u53bb\u76d1\u7763\uff08\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u4e0d\u6562\u72af\u9519\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8d37\u6b3e\u4f1a\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u4e00
\u4e9b\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa60~70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u52a0\u5c14\u5404\u7b54\u5e02\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u653e\u503a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5580\u5e03\u5c14
\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2a\u5b50\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80a9\u4e0a\u630e\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e03\u888b\u5b50\uff0c\u6328\u5bb6\u6328\u6237\u5730\u5047
\u88c5\u5356\u6c34\u679c\u53ca\u575a\u679c\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5927\u591a\u662f\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u63a9\u62a4\uff0c\u63a8\u9500\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u90a3
\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u4e0d\u53bb\u5f00\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1a\u52a1\u5462\uff1f\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u963f
\u5bcc\u6c57\u4eba\u4ee5\u51f6\u608d\u65e0\u60c5\u800c\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6765\u81ea\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u90a6\u5b66\u751f\u8bfe\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5219\u53e4
\u8001\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u5580\u5e03\u5c14\u4eba\u5fc3\u80a0\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u6740\u6389\u4f01\u56fe\u6b3a\u9a97\u4ed6
\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f8e\u56fd\u66b4\u5f92\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u6700\u540e
\u8d37\u6b3e\u4eba\u201d\u3002
\u5728\u4f26\u65661999\u5e748\u670822\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u7535\u8baf\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898
\u4e3a\u201c\u4ed8\u94b1\u2014\u2014\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6d3e\u9609\u4eba\u53bb\u89c1\u4f60\u201d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9\u5a01\u80c1\u529b\u91cf\u7684
\u5947\u7279\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u9053\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6536\u503a\u8005\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u9609\u4eba\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u504f
\u89c1\uff0c\u8ba9\u9609\u4eba\u53bb\u627e\u90a3\u4e9b\u957f\u671f\u6b20\u6b3e\u7684\u4eba\u6536\u503a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u9609\u4eba\u7684\u751f
\u6b96\u90e8\u4f4d\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5384\u8fd0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e9b\u9609\u4eba\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u6307\u793a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8fdd\u7ea6\u8005\u7684\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u5a01
\u80c1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c\u5c31\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u4e0b\u201d\u3002
\u6536\u96c6\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u989d\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u90fd\u6709
\u51e0\u4e2a\u653e\u503a\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e5f\u5e76\u672a\u4f7f\u5229\u7387\u4e0b\u8dcc\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5047\u5982
\u8d37\u65b9\u5728\u76d1\u7763\u653e\u503a\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6240\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d37\u65b9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u826f\u597d
\u7684\u4fe1\u8a89\uff0c\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u518d\u66f4\u6362\u8d37\u65b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u5230\u522b\u5904\u53bb\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u8d37\u65b9
\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u4ed8\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u8981\u82b1\u4e0a\u5927\u7b14\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5229\u7387\u4e0a\u6da8\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8d37\u65b9\u4f1a\u5bf9\u65b0\u5ba2\u6237\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff1a\u89e3\u9664\u4e0e\u4ee5\u524d\u8d37\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5f88\u8d39\u94b1\uff0c\u90a3
\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u8981\u90a3\u4e48\u505a\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u663e\u7136\u66f4\u8d39\u94b1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d37\u65b9
\u4f1a\u66f4\u4e3a\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u800c\u5229\u7387\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8d37\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u501f
\u6b3e\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u8d37\u65b9\u4fdd\u6301\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u653e\u503a\u4eba\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00
\u673a\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u5229\u7387\u3002
\u8fd9\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u8d37\u6b3e\u7ed9\u7a77\u4eba\u3002\u94f6\u884c\u804c\u5458\u5e76\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u5fc5\u8981
\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u804c\u8d23\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u4f4f\u5728\u6751\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u5458
\u6d41\u52a8\u4e5f\u5f88\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5580\u5e03\u5c14\u4eba\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u52a8
\u8f84\u5c31\u8981\u6253\u65ad\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u817f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6d3e\u9609\u4eba\u53bb\u627e\u8fdd\u7ea6\u8005\u3002\u82b1\u65d7\u94f6\u884c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u884c
\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8ba9\u5f53\u5730\u201c\u5c0f\u6d41\u6c13\u201d\u5a01\u80c1\u672a\u507f\u8fd8\u6c7d
\u8f66\u8d37\u6b3e\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e5f\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u30021988\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u59d4\u5458
\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c40%\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u6e05\u7b97\uff08\u7834\u4ea7\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\uff09\u6848\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u6401\u7f6e8\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u7ad9
\u5728\u8d37\u65b9\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u60f3\u60f3\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80af\u5b9a\u80fd\u6253\u8d62\u4e0e\u8fdd\u7ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b98
\u53f8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8981\u7b497\u5e74\u624d\u80fd\u6536\u56de\u62b5\u62bc\u6b3e\uff08\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u6709\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u673a\u4f1a
\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d37\u65b9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5728\u8d37\u6b3e\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u8d2c
\u503c\u4e86\u3002
\u7eb3\u5947\u51ef\u7279\u00b7\u6469\u5c14\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u5de5\u4e1a\u4fe1\u8d37\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u526f\u603b\u88c1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe
\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9\u519c\u6c11\u507f\u8fd8\u519c\u4e1a\u8d37\u6b3e\u7684\u7edd\u5999\u597d\u4e3b\u610f\uff1a\u5728\u652f\u51fa\u6bcf
\u7b14\u8d37\u6b3e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u519c\u6c11\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5f20\u7b49\u91cf\u94b1\u6b3e\u7684\u957f\u671f\u652f\u7968\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684
\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u519c\u6c11\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd8\u6b3e\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53eb\u8b66\u5bdf\u6765\u53d6\u652f\u7968\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5151
\u73b0\u652f\u7968\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8d77\u521d\u8fd8\u9887\u6709\u6210\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u4fbf\u9010\u6e10\u5931\u6548
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